Discoveries and Inventions MCQs

Solved Discoveries and Inventions MCQs with answers and explanations. Free practice questions for PPSC, FPSC, CSS and other government job exams on FreeSekho.

1. 1. Hydrogen is discovered by

   1. Newton
   2. Pascal
   3. Henry Cavendish ✓
   4. Boyles

2. 2. Telephone is firstly invented by

   1. Nikola Tesla
   2. Einstein
   3. Alexander Graham Bell ✓
   4. Thomas Edison

3. 3. Radioactivity was discovered by

   1. Rutherford
   2. Bohar
   3. Mari cure
   4. Henri Becquerel ✓

4. 4. Radio was invented by

   1. Alexander Graham Bell
   2. Marconi ✓
   3. Thomas Edison
   4. Wright Brothers

5. 5. Dynamite was invented by

   1. Alfred Nobel ✓
   2. Einstein
   3. Alexander
   4. Ratherford

6. 6. First airplane was invented by

   1. William brother
   2. Marie cure family
   3. Wright Brothers ✓
   4. None of these

7. 7. Light bulb was discovered by

   1. Thomas Edison ✓
   2. Alexander Graham Bell
   3. Wright Brothers
   4. Archimedes

8. 8. North pole was discovered by

   1. Vasco de gama
   2. Robert Peary ✓
   3. Captain cook
   4. Alberuni

9. 9. Electrons was discovered by

   1. JJ Thomson ✓
   2. Rutherford
   3. Thomas Edison
   4. Alexander Graham Bell

10. 10. First pensulin was discovered by

    1. Einstein
    2. Newton
    3. A Fleming ✓
    4. None of these

11. 11. Father of artificial intelligence is

    1. Charles Babbage
    2. John McCarthy ✓
    3. Bill Gates
    4. Elon musk

12. 12. Firstly who measure the radius of Earth

    1. Jabir bin hayan
    2. Abu Rayan Al biruni ✓
    3. Mohammed bin zakriya
    4. None of these

13. 13. Who invented periodic table

    1. Albert Einstein
    2. Newton
    3. Dimitri mendeeleev ✓
    4. Marie curie

14. 14. X-rays was discovered by

    1. JJ Thomson
    2. Thomas Edison
    3. Rutherford
    4. William conrad Roentgen ✓

15. 15. Sulphuric acid was invented by

    1. Ratherford
    2. JJ Thomson
    3. Jabir bin hayan ✓
    4. Musa Al Khawarzmi

16. 16. Sulphuric acid was invented by

    1. Ratherford
    2. JJ Thomson
    3. Jabir bin hayan ✓
    4. Musa Al Khawarzmi

17. 17. Sulphuric acid was invented by

    1. Ratherford
    2. JJ Thomson
    3. Jabir bin hayan ✓
    4. Musa Al Khawarzmi

18. 18. Sulphuric acid was invented by

    1. Ratherford
    2. JJ Thomson
    3. Jabir bin hayan ✓
    4. Musa Al Khawarzmi

19. 19. Sulphuric acid was invented by

    1. Ratherford
    2. JJ Thomson
    3. Jabir bin hayan ✓
    4. Musa Al Khawarzmi

20. 20. Neutrons was discovered by

    1. JJ Thomson
    2. Rutherford
    3. Chadwick ✓
    4. Thomson

21. 21. The concept of gravity is given by

    1. Galileo
    2. Newton ✓
    3. Einstein
    4. Kepler

22. 22. Father of history is

    1. Aristotle
    2. Socrates
    3. Plato
    4. Herodotus ✓

23. 23. Structure of DNA was discovered by

    1. James Watson
    2. Francis crick
    3. Both ✓
    4. None of these

24. 24. Ballpoint was invented by

    1. Wright Brothers
    2. Laszlo Biro ✓
    3. Alfred Nobel
    4. None of these

25. 25. Who discovered vitamins

    1. Alfred Nobel
    2. Henry
    3. Jabir bin hayan
    4. Casimir Funk ✓

26. 26. Solar system was discovered by

    1. Newton
    2. Einstein
    3. Kepler
    4. Copernicus ✓

27. 27. Bacteria was discovered by

    1. Alexander Fleming
    2. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek ✓
    3. Alfred Nobel
    4. None of these

28. 28. Radio waves was discovered by

    1. Albert Einstein
    2. Isaac Newton
    3. Alexander Graham Bell
    4. James clerk Maxwell ✓

29. 29. Malaria was discovered by

    1. Edward Jenner
    2. Alexander Fleming
    3. Ronald Ross ✓
    4. Kepler

30. 30. Father of modern medicine is

    1. Hippocrates ✓
    2. Avicenna
    3. Alexander Fleming
    4. Ronald Ross

31. 31. Who invented first steam engine

    1. Alexander Fleming
    2. Steam
    3. James wat ✓
    4. None of these

32. 32. Who discovered first polio vaccine

    1. Richard Gatling
    2. Joseph Priesty
    3. Jonas Edward salk ✓
    4. None of these

33. 33. Ozone layer discovered by

    1. Newton
    2. Einstein
    3. Charles fabry and Henry Buisson ✓
    4. None of these

34. 34. Vaccination was discovered by

    1. Galileo
    2. Edward Jenner ✓
    3. Roentgen
    4. Edward Jones

35. 35. Oxygen was discovered by

    1. Edward Jenner
    2. Alexander Fleming
    3. Priestley ✓
    4. None of these

36. 36. Dynamite was invented by

    1. Alfred Nobel ✓
    2. Edward chinar
    3. Wright Brothers
    4. Isaac Newton

37. 37. Father of nuclear physics is

    1. Nikola Tesla
    2. JJ Thomson ✓
    3. Rutherford
    4. James Maxwell

38. 38. Who discovered circulation of blood

    1. Edward Jenner
    2. Alexander Fleming
    3. William Harvey ✓
    4. Charles Babbage

39. 39. Who invented printing press

    1. Wright Brothers
    2. Chinese
    3. Johan Gutenberg ✓
    4. Lizlo biro

40. 40. Who gave the laws of gravitation

    1. Einstein
    2. Kepler
    3. Isaac Newton ✓
    4. Alexander Fleming

41. 41. Who gave theory of evolution

    1. Charles Darwin
    2. Isaac Newton ✓
    3. Einstein
    4. John McCarthy

42. 42. Who invented lighting road

    1. Benjamin Franklin ✓
    2. Isaac Newton
    3. Marconi
    4. Alexander Graham Bell

43. 43. Laughing gas is discovered by

    1. Joseph priestley ✓
    2. Kepler
    3. Joseph Henry
    4. None of these

44. 44. The theory of relativity was given by

    1. Newton
    2. Chadwick
    3. Einstein ✓
    4. None of these

45. 45. First person to travel in the space

    1. Neil Armstrong
    2. Yuri Gagarin ✓
    3. Isaac Newton
    4. None of these

46. 46. Who gave atomic model

    1. Rutherford
    2. JJ Thomson
    3. Neil Armstrong
    4. Neil Bohar ✓

47. 47. Which Persian/Muslim mathematician is credited with foundational contributions to algebra, from whose name the word 'algorithm' is derived?

    1. Al-Khwarizmi ✓
    2. Ibn Sina (Avicenna)
    3. Al-Biruni
    4. Omar Khayyam

48. 48. Who is credited with pioneering long-distance radio transmission?

    1. Guglielmo Marconi ✓
    2. Alexander Graham Bell
    3. Thomas Edison
    4. Nikola Tesla

49. 49. Who is credited with inventing the transistor, a foundational component of modern electronics?

    1. John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley ✓
    2. Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce
    3. Alan Turing
    4. Charles Babbage

50. 50. Who developed the first successful polio vaccine (an inactivated form)?

    1. Jonas Salk ✓
    2. Albert Sabin
    3. Alexander Fleming
    4. Edward Jenner

51. 51. Who built the 'Rocket', a pioneering steam locomotive, and is considered a father of railways?

    1. George Stephenson ✓
    2. James Watt
    3. Thomas Newcomen
    4. Robert Fulton

52. 52. Who developed the Celsius temperature scale?

    1. Anders Celsius ✓
    2. Daniel Fahrenheit
    3. Evangelista Torricelli
    4. Galileo Galilei

53. 53. Who developed an oral, live-attenuated polio vaccine, an alternative to the earlier injectable version?

    1. Albert Sabin ✓
    2. Jonas Salk
    3. Alexander Fleming
    4. Louis Pasteur

54. 54. Who is credited with the discovery of the electron?

    1. J.J. Thomson ✓
    2. Ernest Rutherford
    3. James Chadwick
    4. Niels Bohr

55. 55. Who is known for establishing that specific microorganisms cause specific diseases, formalizing what became known as 'germ theory' alongside Pasteur?

    1. Robert Koch ✓
    2. Louis Pasteur
    3. Edward Jenner
    4. Alexander Fleming

56. 56. Who is credited with inventing the airplane (the first powered, controlled flight)?

    1. The Wright Brothers (Orville and Wilbur Wright) ✓
    2. Alberto Santos-Dumont
    3. Charles Lindbergh
    4. Amelia Earhart

57. 57. Who co-founded Apple Inc. and played a key role in popularizing personal computers and later smartphones?

    1. Steve Jobs (with Steve Wozniak) ✓
    2. Bill Gates
    3. Larry Page
    4. Jeff Bezos

58. 58. Who is credited with inventing the motion picture camera (commonly associated with early film)?

    1. Thomas Edison (and independently, the Lumière brothers) ✓
    2. Alexander Graham Bell
    3. Guglielmo Marconi
    4. Nikola Tesla

59. 59. Who proposed the nuclear model of the atom?

    1. Ernest Rutherford ✓
    2. J.J. Thomson
    3. John Dalton
    4. Niels Bohr

60. 60. In which year did Thomas Edison invent the practical incandescent light bulb?

    1. 1879 ✓
    2. 1869
    3. 1889
    4. 1899

61. 61. Who developed the periodic table of elements?

    1. Dmitri Mendeleev ✓
    2. Antoine Lavoisier
    3. John Dalton
    4. Marie Curie

62. 62. Who is credited with inventing the zip fastener (zipper)?

    1. Whitcomb Judson ✓
    2. Elias Howe
    3. Isaac Singer
    4. Charles Goodyear

63. 63. Who invented the phonograph, an early device for recording and playing back sound?

    1. Thomas Edison ✓
    2. Alexander Graham Bell
    3. Guglielmo Marconi
    4. Nikola Tesla

64. 64. Who is credited with inventing an early practical thermometer?

    1. Galileo Galilei ✓
    2. Daniel Fahrenheit
    3. Evangelista Torricelli
    4. Anders Celsius

65. 65. Who is considered the father of modern genetics for his work on pea plants and inheritance?

    1. Gregor Mendel ✓
    2. Charles Darwin
    3. Louis Pasteur
    4. James Watson

66. 66. Who developed the daguerreotype, an early practical photographic process?

    1. Louis Daguerre ✓
    2. Joseph Nicéphore Niépce
    3. George Eastman
    4. Thomas Edison

67. 67. Who is credited with developing the modern air conditioning system?

    1. Willis Carrier ✓
    2. Thomas Edison
    3. Nikola Tesla
    4. George Westinghouse

68. 68. Who developed a set of equations describing electricity, magnetism, and light as manifestations of the same phenomenon (electromagnetism)?

    1. James Clerk Maxwell ✓
    2. Michael Faraday
    3. Isaac Newton
    4. Albert Einstein

69. 69. Who developed the Richter scale, used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes?

    1. Charles Richter ✓
    2. John Milne
    3. Albert Einstein
    4. Isaac Newton

70. 70. Who first observed and described cells, coining the term 'cell' after examining cork under a microscope?

    1. Robert Hooke ✓
    2. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
    3. William Harvey
    4. Louis Pasteur

71. 71. Who is credited with the discovery of blood groups (types), which made safe blood transfusions possible?

    1. Karl Landsteiner ✓
    2. William Harvey
    3. Louis Pasteur
    4. Robert Koch

72. 72. Who is credited with significant improvements to the steam engine that made it practical for widespread industrial use?

    1. James Watt ✓
    2. George Stephenson
    3. Thomas Newcomen
    4. Robert Fulton

73. 73. Who is credited with developing a successful commercial steamboat?

    1. Robert Fulton ✓
    2. James Watt
    3. George Stephenson
    4. Rudolf Diesel

74. 74. Who was the first human to travel into outer space?

    1. Yuri Gagarin ✓
    2. Neil Armstrong
    3. Buzz Aldrin
    4. John Glenn

75. 75. Who discovered X-rays?

    1. Wilhelm Röntgen ✓
    2. Marie Curie
    3. Henri Becquerel
    4. Ernest Rutherford

76. 76. Who developed the three laws of planetary motion?

    1. Johannes Kepler ✓
    2. Galileo Galilei
    3. Isaac Newton
    4. Nicolaus Copernicus

77. 77. Who proposed the heliocentric (Sun-centered) model of the solar system?

    1. Nicolaus Copernicus ✓
    2. Galileo Galilei
    3. Johannes Kepler
    4. Isaac Newton

78. 78. Who is considered a pioneer of modern nursing and significantly improved hospital sanitation practices, notably during the Crimean War?

    1. Florence Nightingale ✓
    2. Marie Curie
    3. Rosalind Franklin
    4. Dorothy Hodgkin

79. 79. Who is often referred to as the first computer programmer for her work on Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine?

    1. Ada Lovelace ✓
    2. Grace Hopper
    3. Marie Curie
    4. Rosalind Franklin

80. 80. Who is credited with developing the mercury thermometer and the temperature scale that bears his name?

    1. Daniel Fahrenheit ✓
    2. Evangelista Torricelli
    3. Galileo Galilei
    4. Anders Celsius

81. 81. In which year was the telephone invented?

    1. 1876 ✓
    2. 1866
    3. 1886
    4. 1896

82. 82. Who co-discovered insulin, a treatment for diabetes?

    1. Frederick Banting (with Charles Best) ✓
    2. Alexander Fleming
    3. Louis Pasteur
    4. Edward Jenner

83. 83. Who developed the rabies vaccine?

    1. Louis Pasteur ✓
    2. Edward Jenner
    3. Robert Koch
    4. Alexander Fleming

84. 84. Who is credited with the discovery of the neutron?

    1. James Chadwick ✓
    2. J.J. Thomson
    3. Ernest Rutherford
    4. Niels Bohr

85. 85. Who is credited with making significant improvements to the microscope and being among the first to observe microorganisms?

    1. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek ✓
    2. Robert Hooke
    3. Galileo Galilei
    4. Isaac Newton

86. 86. Which ancient civilization is credited with inventing gunpowder?

    1. Ancient China ✓
    2. Ancient Rome
    3. Ancient Egypt
    4. Ancient Greece

87. 87. Who is credited with significant improvements to the telescope and using it to make major astronomical observations?

    1. Galileo Galilei ✓
    2. Isaac Newton
    3. Johannes Kepler
    4. Nicolaus Copernicus

88. 88. Who invented the diesel engine?

    1. Rudolf Diesel ✓
    2. Karl Benz
    3. Henry Ford
    4. James Watt

89. 89. Who is credited with the invention of the practical helicopter?

    1. Igor Sikorsky ✓
    2. The Wright Brothers
    3. Frank Whittle
    4. Alberto Santos-Dumont

90. 90. Who first captured a permanent photographic image, considered the first photograph?

    1. Joseph Nicéphore Niépce ✓
    2. Louis Daguerre
    3. George Eastman
    4. Thomas Edison

91. 91. Who is widely regarded as a founding figure of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence, and proposed the Turing Test?

    1. Alan Turing ✓
    2. Charles Babbage
    3. John von Neumann
    4. Ada Lovelace

92. 92. Who co-founded Microsoft?

    1. Bill Gates (with Paul Allen) ✓
    2. Steve Jobs
    3. Larry Page
    4. Mark Zuckerberg

93. 93. Who is credited with inventing the first successful parachute design used in a real jump?

    1. André-Jacques Garnerin ✓
    2. The Wright Brothers
    3. Igor Sikorsky
    4. Alberto Santos-Dumont

94. 94. Who invented the telegraph and Morse code?

    1. Samuel Morse ✓
    2. Alexander Graham Bell
    3. Guglielmo Marconi
    4. Thomas Edison

95. 95. Who is credited with inventing the sewing machine in its widely adopted form?

    1. Elias Howe (with later improvements by Isaac Singer) ✓
    2. Whitcomb Judson
    3. Walter Hunt
    4. Charles Goodyear

96. 96. Who built the first working laser?

    1. Theodore Maiman ✓
    2. Albert Einstein
    3. Charles Townes
    4. Nikola Tesla

97. 97. Who is credited with developing early mechanical calculating machine concepts that influenced later computers?

    1. Charles Babbage ✓
    2. Alan Turing
    3. Ada Lovelace
    4. John von Neumann

98. 98. Who is credited with inventing the integrated circuit (microchip)?

    1. Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce (independently) ✓
    2. John Bardeen and Walter Brattain
    3. Alan Turing
    4. Charles Babbage

99. 99. Who invented the modern bicycle in a form recognizable today, with pedals attached to the front wheel (an early key step in bicycle development)?

    1. Pierre Michaux (often credited, among other 19th-century inventors) ✓
    2. Karl Benz
    3. Henry Ford
    4. James Watt

100. 100. Which ancient civilization is credited with inventing the magnetic compass?

     1. Ancient China ✓
     2. Ancient Egypt
     3. Ancient Rome
     4. Ancient Greece

101. 101. Who formulated the law of universal gravitation?

     1. Isaac Newton ✓
     2. Albert Einstein
     3. Galileo Galilei
     4. Johannes Kepler

102. 102. Who discovered the circulation of blood in the human body?

     1. William Harvey ✓
     2. Robert Hooke
     3. Louis Pasteur
     4. Edward Jenner

103. 103. Who is credited with the discovery of radioactivity?

     1. Henri Becquerel ✓
     2. Marie Curie
     3. Albert Einstein
     4. Isaac Newton

104. 104. Who is credited with inventing the first fully electronic television system?

     1. Philo Farnsworth ✓
     2. John Logie Baird
     3. Thomas Edison
     4. Alexander Graham Bell

105. 105. Who invented the World Wide Web?

     1. Tim Berners-Lee ✓
     2. Bill Gates
     3. Steve Jobs
     4. Mark Zuckerberg

106. 106. Whose X-ray diffraction images provided crucial data for determining the structure of DNA, though her contribution was historically under-recognized?

     1. Rosalind Franklin ✓
     2. Marie Curie
     3. Dorothy Hodgkin
     4. Barbara McClintock

107. 107. Who developed the process of pasteurization, used to kill harmful microorganisms in liquids like milk?

     1. Louis Pasteur ✓
     2. Robert Koch
     3. Edward Jenner
     4. Alexander Fleming

108. 108. Who is credited with inventing the telephone?

     1. Alexander Graham Bell ✓
     2. Thomas Edison
     3. Guglielmo Marconi
     4. Samuel Morse

109. 109. In which year was the transistor invented?

     1. 1947 ✓
     2. 1937
     3. 1957
     4. 1967

110. 110. Who developed the first vaccine, specifically for smallpox?

     1. Edward Jenner ✓
     2. Louis Pasteur
     3. Alexander Fleming
     4. Robert Koch

111. 111. In which year did Neil Armstrong become the first person to walk on the Moon?

     1. 1969 ✓
     2. 1959
     3. 1979
     4. 1989

112. 112. Who discovered the elements polonium and radium?

     1. Marie Curie (with Pierre Curie) ✓
     2. Henri Becquerel
     3. Dmitri Mendeleev
     4. Antoine Lavoisier

113. 113. Who discovered the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction?

     1. Michael Faraday ✓
     2. James Clerk Maxwell
     3. Georg Simon Ohm
     4. Nikola Tesla

114. 114. Which ancient civilization is credited with inventing paper?

     1. Ancient China ✓
     2. Ancient Egypt
     3. Ancient Greece
     4. Ancient Rome

115. 115. Who is credited with inventing the safety pin?

     1. Walter Hunt ✓
     2. Elias Howe
     3. Isaac Singer
     4. Whitcomb Judson

116. 116. Who developed the theory of relativity?

     1. Albert Einstein ✓
     2. Isaac Newton
     3. Niels Bohr
     4. Max Planck

117. 117. Who invented the process of vulcanization, which strengthens rubber?

     1. Charles Goodyear ✓
     2. Alfred Nobel
     3. Thomas Edison
     4. Michael Faraday

118. 118. In which year did Alessandro Volta invent the first electric battery?

     1. 1800 ✓
     2. 1780
     3. 1820
     4. 1850

119. 119. In which year did Edward Jenner develop the smallpox vaccine?

     1. 1796 ✓
     2. 1776
     3. 1816
     4. 1836

120. 120. Who is credited with inventing the modern electric battery (the voltaic pile)?

     1. Alessandro Volta ✓
     2. Michael Faraday
     3. Benjamin Franklin
     4. Georg Simon Ohm

121. 121. Who is credited with inventing the practical incandescent light bulb?

     1. Thomas Edison ✓
     2. Nikola Tesla
     3. Michael Faraday
     4. Alexander Graham Bell

122. 122. Who is credited with popularizing mass production of automobiles through the moving assembly line, notably with the Model T?

     1. Henry Ford ✓
     2. Karl Benz
     3. Gottlieb Daimler
     4. Rudolf Diesel

123. 123. Who is credited with inventing the printing press with movable type in Europe?

     1. Johannes Gutenberg ✓
     2. Leonardo da Vinci
     3. Isaac Newton
     4. Galileo Galilei

124. 124. Who developed the theory of evolution by natural selection?

     1. Charles Darwin ✓
     2. Gregor Mendel
     3. Louis Pasteur
     4. Robert Hooke

125. 125. Who founded Kodak and popularized roll film, making photography accessible to the general public?

     1. George Eastman ✓
     2. Louis Daguerre
     3. Thomas Edison
     4. Joseph Nicéphore Niépce

126. 126. In which year did Wilhelm Röntgen discover X-rays?

     1. 1895 ✓
     2. 1885
     3. 1905
     4. 1915

127. 127. In which year did the Wright Brothers achieve the first powered flight?

     1. 1903 ✓
     2. 1893
     3. 1913
     4. 1923

128. 128. Who is credited with inventing mechanical television?

     1. John Logie Baird ✓
     2. Philo Farnsworth
     3. Thomas Edison
     4. Guglielmo Marconi

129. 129. The concept of 'zero' as a number is often credited to the mathematical tradition of which ancient civilization?

     1. Ancient India ✓
     2. Ancient Rome
     3. Ancient Greece
     4. Ancient Egypt

130. 130. Who is credited with building the first practical automobile powered by an internal combustion engine?

     1. Karl Benz ✓
     2. Henry Ford
     3. Gottlieb Daimler
     4. Rudolf Diesel

131. 131. Who is credited with inventing the ballpoint pen in its modern form?

     1. László Bíró ✓
     2. Thomas Edison
     3. Alexander Graham Bell
     4. Johannes Gutenberg

132. 132. Who invented dynamite?

     1. Alfred Nobel ✓
     2. Charles Goodyear
     3. Thomas Edison
     4. Robert Boyle

133. 133. Which country launched Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite to orbit Earth?

     1. The Soviet Union ✓
     2. The United States
     3. The United Kingdom
     4. China

134. 134. Who is traditionally credited with inventing paper in ancient China?

     1. Cai Lun ✓
     2. Confucius
     3. Sun Tzu
     4. Zhang Heng

135. 135. In which year was Sputnik 1 launched?

     1. 1957 ✓
     2. 1947
     3. 1967
     4. 1977

136. 136. Who was the first person to walk on the Moon?

     1. Neil Armstrong ✓
     2. Buzz Aldrin
     3. Yuri Gagarin
     4. Michael Collins

137. 137. Who is credited with independently developing the jet engine (alongside Germany's Hans von Ohain)?

     1. Frank Whittle ✓
     2. Igor Sikorsky
     3. The Wright Brothers
     4. Karl Benz

138. 138. Who invented the barometer, an instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure?

     1. Evangelista Torricelli ✓
     2. Galileo Galilei
     3. Daniel Fahrenheit
     4. Robert Boyle

139. 139. In which year did Tim Berners-Lee invent the World Wide Web?

     1. 1989 ✓
     2. 1979
     3. 1999
     4. 2009

140. 140. Who discovered penicillin, the first widely used antibiotic?

     1. Alexander Fleming ✓
     2. Louis Pasteur
     3. Robert Koch
     4. Edward Jenner

141. 141. In which year did Alexander Fleming discover penicillin?

     1. 1928 ✓
     2. 1918
     3. 1938
     4. 1948

142. 142. Who developed antiseptic surgical techniques to reduce infection during and after surgery?

     1. Joseph Lister ✓
     2. Louis Pasteur
     3. Robert Koch
     4. Edward Jenner

143. 143. In which year did Watson and Crick publish their model of the DNA double helix?

     1. 1953 ✓
     2. 1943
     3. 1963
     4. 1973

144. 144. Who is credited with co-discovering the double-helix structure of DNA, along with Francis Crick?

     1. James Watson ✓
     2. Rosalind Franklin
     3. Gregor Mendel
     4. Charles Darwin

145. 145. In approximately which century did Johannes Gutenberg invent the printing press?

     1. 15th century ✓
     2. 12th century
     3. 18th century
     4. 20th century

146. 146. Who achieved the first controlled nuclear chain reaction?

     1. Enrico Fermi ✓
     2. J. Robert Oppenheimer
     3. Albert Einstein
     4. Niels Bohr